The Netherlands is a small country located between Belgium and Germany, located in northwest Europe, and the Netherlands is larger than the state of Maryland in the United States of America, but smaller than the state of West Virginia, and the Netherlands was almost drowned by the North Sea, but the Dutch have set up defenses to protect their lands, over the centuries, built The Dutch consisted of a series of canals, dams and stations to keep their country from the sea or the floods of rivers.
Today, more than 1,491 miles (2,400 km) of levees protect the low and flat land of the Netherlands. Without these levees, 65 percent of the country would be flooded daily.
Many people in the Netherlands ride bicycles to move around Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Tirecht, and other cities. The number of bicycles in the Netherlands is three times the number of cars. The Dutch love moderation and respect the law. The people of the southern part of the country are said to live more prosperous than the inhabitants of the southern part. The Nordic and Dutch are among the tallest people in the world, with the average height of men being six feet (182.5 cm), and women 5 feet 7, or inches (170.5 cm).
The researchers point out that the main reason behind their height is a healthy diet and good medical care as well. Tourism is very important in the Netherlands, and many visitors come to see Dutch art, architecture, and the Netherlands produces billions of lamps annually, more than any other country.
The Netherlands is the most populous country in the European Union. Animals have had to move to changing habitats around dams and canals. Some bird species have been found in water bogs. The government has created reserves to allow plants, birds and small animals to thrive.
Wooden windmills have also helped protect the Netherlands from floods for more than 600 years and have also been used in energy production, and today there are other sources for flood control and also for power generation, as the Dutch plan aims to provide 10% of the country's energy needs from renewable energy, including: That wind turbines by 2020.
The Netherlands is a republic with a constitutional monarchy, and the Dutch monarchy goes back to Prince William of Orange in the sixteenth century, and King Willem-Alexander is the currently ruling king. There is an elected Dutch parliament elected by the Dutch people every four years, and it consists of 150 members, and the Senate includes 15 members elected by local councils For a period of four years, the ruling king appoints ministers who become part of the Council of Ministers.
Because the Netherlands has no mountain ranges or natural borders, it was unable to protect itself from invading neighbors, and foreign countries occupied a large part of it throughout history, as the Romans, Celtic tribes, Scandinavian Vikings, Franks, Austrians, and Spaniards ruled parts of the Netherlands For several centuries, in the late 15th century, the Dutch tried to overthrow their Spanish rulers.
Their wars with the Spaniards lasted eighty years, and finally they gained independence in 1648, and during the Napoleonic Wars, the French Napoleon seized the Netherlands and put his brother Louis on the throne, and in 1814, the people were able to become independent from France, and the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg joined together as one country called the Kingdom of the Netherlands for a period 25 years, then each of them became independent in 1890, and during World War II, Germany occupied the Netherlands for five years, and Germany killed many of those who resisted the Germans or tried to help the Dutch Jews.
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